Gutwara umupira wibyuma ni umupira usanzwe winganda zikoreshwa mukugenda ibice byimodoka hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya mashini. Ifite ibiranga imbaraga nyinshi, gukomera no kwambara birwanya, bityo kugenzura mubijyanye nibikorwa n'ingaruka ni ngombwa cyane. Ibikurikira bizerekana uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ningaruka zo gutwara imipira yicyuma.
Kuvura ubushyuhe bivuga urukurikirane rw'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu gushyushya no gukonjesha ibikoresho kugirango uhindure imiterere n'imiterere y'ibikoresho. Uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwo gutwara imipira yicyuma mubusanzwe burimo intambwe nko kurakara, kuzimya na carburizing.
Ubushyuhe nuburyo bwo gushyushya umupira wazimye umupira wubushyuhe runaka, hanyuma ukonjesha mugihe gikwiye. Intego yo kurakara ni ugukuraho imihangayiko yimbere iterwa mugihe cyo kuzimya, kugabanya ubukana, no kunoza ubukana na plastike. Ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe muri rusange bigenwa ukurikije ibice byihariye n'ibisabwa umupira w'icyuma. Ubushyuhe bukabije ni buke cyane cyangwa igihe ni gito cyane, birashobora gutuma kwiyongera kwimyitwarire isigaye, ubushyuhe budahagije, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yo gutwara umupira wibyuma; Ubushyuhe bukabije ni bwinshi cyangwa igihe ni kirekire cyane, bizagabanya ubukana no kwambara birwanya. Kubwibyo, inzira yo kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ngombwa cyane.
Icya kabiri, kuzimya nuburyo bwibanze bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwumupira wicyuma, mugushyushya umupira wicyuma kubushyuhe bukabije, hanyuma ugakonja vuba, kuburyo ishyirahamwe ryayo muri martensite cyangwa bainite. Kuzimya birashobora kunoza ubukana nimbaraga zumupira wicyuma, byongera imbaraga zo kwambara nubuzima bwa serivisi. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha muburyo bwo kuzimya ubusanzwe ni amavuta, amazi cyangwa gaze, kandi uburyo bukonje bukonje bwatoranijwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye byumupira wibyuma. Ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya, umuvuduko ukonje no guhitamo gukonjesha bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere no mumikorere yumupira wicyuma. Ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa umuvuduko ukonje cyane birashobora gutuma ucika kandi ugahinduka; Ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane cyangwa umuvuduko wo gukonja uratinda cyane, bizagira ingaruka kumbaraga n'imbaraga.
Carburizing nigikorwa gisanzwe cyo gushimangira ubuso, mukwinjiza umupira wicyuma mukibumbano kirimo ibintu bya karubone kugirango bivure ubushyuhe, kugirango ibintu bya karubone byinjire hejuru yumupira wibyuma, byongere ubukana bwabyo kandi birwanya kwambara. Ubushyuhe, igihe cyibikorwa bya carburizing hamwe no guhitamo carburizing medium bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubyimbye no gukomera kwa karburizing. Ubushuhe bukabije cyangwa umwanya muremure birashobora kuganisha kuri percolation, ubushyuhe buke cyane cyangwa igihe gito cyane bizagira ingaruka kumiterere n'ingaruka za carburizing layer.
Ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe bwo gutwara imipira yicyuma mubisanzwe isuzumwa nibipimo bimwe na bimwe byerekana imikorere, nko gukomera, kwambara nabi, gukomera nibindi. Ingaruka nziza yo kuvura ubushyuhe igomba kuba ubukana butagereranywa, kurwanya neza kwambara, no kuzirikana ubukana kugirango ubuzima bwizewe kandi bwizewe bwumupira wicyuma mugihe cyo gukoresha.
Gutezimbere no kugenzura uburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe n'ingaruka bisaba ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho, kimwe n'ababikora babimenyereye. Mu musaruro nyirizina, birakenewe kandi guhindura no gutezimbere ukurikije ibintu byihariye n'ibisabwa kugirango harebwe niba ubuziranenge n'imikorere yo gutwara imipira y'ibyuma byujuje ubuziranenge n'ibisabwa abakiriya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2023
